Ulus Medical Journal

A walk down memory lane on JAPANESE Medical revolution & history of ancient Japan in the late Edo & early Meiji period.

Eyrique Goh Boay Heong — Mon, 05 May 2025 00:00:00 +0300

The late Edo and early Meiji periods were a time of significant transformation for Japan’s medical landscape, characterized by the blending of traditional practices and Western medical innovations. This paper examines the profound shifts in Japanese medicine during this era, and on introduction of Western style medical knowledge during Japan’s opening to the West in the 19th century reshaped existing paradigms of health and disease. Traditional Japanese medicine, including Kampo (herbal medicine) and acupuncture, coexisted with Western medical practices, particularly through the influence of Rangaku (Dutch studies), which began in the mid-Edo period. As Western medicine made its way from foreign missionaries and scholars, it initially gained traction among urban elites but gradually expanded across Japan, influencing both medical education and public health policies.
The paper explores key historical figures, such as Ogata Koan, Hanaoka, Seishu, and Nagayo Sensai & etc, who played pivotal roles in developing medical theories into Japan's healthcare system. Through their efforts, Japanese medicine underwent transformation, with advancements in surgery, smallpox vaccination, and public health reforms. The Meiji Restoration of 1868 accelerated the integration of Western medical practices, leading to the establishment of modern medical institutions and the eventual creation of a national healthcare system.
The medical revolution in Japan also set the foundation for the country’s contemporary healthcare system, which emphasizes universal healthcare, preventative care, and technological innovation. With the introduction of mandatory health insurance in 1961 and subsequent advancements in medical technology, including AI-powered diagnostics and robotic surgery, Japan’s medical system has become a global model. This paper provides a historical perspective on Japan's journey toward medical modernization, highlighting the intersection of cultural identity, innovation, and social change that shaped the healthcare system Japan enjoys today.

Artificial Intelligence in Radiology

mete özdikici — Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0300

In radiology and undoubtedly in radiologic anatomy, artificial intelligence (AI) plays an important role in the diagnostic and therapeutic processes by offering revolutionary innovations in the field of imaging. AI algorithms enhance accuracy, speed, and efficiency by analyzing images obtained through methods such as X-rays, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US). Specifically, deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) applications enable early diagnosis by detecting fine details. This not only ensures patient safety but also alleviates the workload of radiologists and improves cost-effectiveness. Furthermore, AI offers safer imaging opportunities by reducing radiation doses and improving low-quality images. However, limitations such as data quality, ethical concerns, and patient privacy complicate the integration of AI into healthcare systems. In the future, AI is expected to expand its applications in radiology, offering more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities.

When a Hydrocele Is Not Just a Hydrocele: Case Report and Literature Review

Wed, 16 Jul 2025 00:00:00 +0300

Introduction: Paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a rare solid tumour in children, accounting for approximately 8.4% of all scrotal masses. Its clinical presentation is often nonspecific, making early diagnosis challenging.

Methods: The study began with a comprehensive review of the patient's medical documentation. Subsequently, a literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, employing the keywords paratesticular, rhabdomyosarcoma, children, and testicular tumour to identify relevant studies.
Case report: We present the case of an 18-month-old boy with a history of right-sided hydrocele, referred due to painless scrotal enlargement. Imaging revealed a solid mass closely associated with the testis. Tumour markers AFP and β-hCG were within normal range, with elevated LDH. Right orchiectomy was performed. Histopathological and genetic analysis confirmed embryonal RMS. The patient received oncological therapy and remains in good health at follow-up.
Conclusion: Paratesticular RMS may mimic benign conditions such as hydrocele. It should be included in the differential diagnosis of persistent or recurrent scrotal enlargement in children.